Multiscale Meteorological Systems Resulted in Meteorological Tsunamis

Meteorological tsunami is a kind of the ocean long wave with the tsunami frequency band from several minutes to 2 h driven by atmospheric forcing at the sea interface. The multiplying of resonance and amplification effects enhanced the wave higher than 1 m with the destructive damage. The direct forcing of meteorological tsunami is the meso-β-scale disturbance, such as mesoscale convection system or internal gravity wave in the troposphere. The events on the destructive meteorological tsunamis were reported mainly on the mid-latitude regions such as Europe and US East Coast. Whatever the kind of the disturbance was, the intrusion of the dry air played important roles in unstable structure of the middle troposphere to travel the disturbance with a long disturbance. The backward trajectory of the air particle on the tsunami-enhancing region showed that the lifting of anomalous warm moist air mass from the lower latitude was significant to form the atmospheric structure over the targeted seas. Such characteristics in the large-scale atmosphere provide the possibility of the mid-term prediction on meteorological tsunamis, linking with the state-of-art observation technologies in satellite remote sensing, radar observation, in situ measurement network and so on

Amyloid-β oligomers suppress subunit-specific glutamate receptor increase during LTP

Introduction: Amyloid‐β oligomers (AβOs) are assumed to impair the ability of learning and memory by suppressing the induction of synaptic plasticity, such as long‐term potentiation (LTP) in the early stage of Alzheimer's disease. However, the direct molecular mechanism of how AβOs affect excitatory synaptic plasticity remains to be elucidated. Methods: In order to study the effects of AβOs on LTP‐associated changes of AMPA (alpha‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid)‐type glutamate receptor (AMPAR) movement, we performed live‐cell imaging of fluorescently labeled AMPAR subunit GluA1 or GluA2 with total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. Results: Incubation of cultured hippocampal neurons with AβOs for 1–2 days inhibited the increase in GluA1 number and GluA1 exocytosis frequency in both postsynaptic and extrasynaptic membranes during LTP. In contrast, AβOs did not inhibit the increase in GluA2 number or exocytosis frequency. Discussion: These results suggest that AβOs primarily inhibit the increase in the number of GluA1 homomers and suppress hippocampal LTP expression

ケイ素およびスズ元素の特長を活かした有機太陽電池および発光材料の開発

広島大学(Hiroshima University)博士(工学)Engineeringdoctora

Analysis of Interaction Between Interfacial Structure and Fibrinogen at Blood-Compatible Polymer/Water Interface

The correlation between the interfacial structure and protein adsorption at a polymer/water interface was investigated. Poly(2-methoxyethyl acrylate)(PMEA), which is one of the best blood compatible polymers available, was employed. Nanometer-scale structures generated through the phase separation of polymer and water were observed at the PMEA/phosphate buffered saline interface. The interaction between the interfacial structures and fibrinogen (FNG) was measured using atomic force microscopy. Attraction was observed in the polymer-rich domains as well as in the non-blood compatible polymer. In contrast, no attractive interactions were observed, and only a repulsion occurred in the water-rich domains. The non-adsorption of FNG into the water rich domains was also clarified through topographic and phase image analyses. Furthermore, the FNG molecules adsorbed on the surface of PMEA were easily desorbed, even in the polymer-rich domains. Water molecules in the water-rich domains are anticipated to be the dominant factor in preventing FNG adsorption and thrombogenesis on a PMEA interface